Nationalization and International Patent Relations

Privatization and Nationalization Cycles

This paper studies the cycles of nationalization and privatization in resource-rich economies as a prime instance of unstable institutional reform. We discuss available evidence on the drivers and consequences of privatization and nationalization, reviewing the existing literature and presenting illustrative case studies. This leads to the main contribution of the paper: a static and dynamic mo...

Culture and International Relations : The Culture of International Relations

International Patent Harmonization and Trade Balance of Patent Rights

The economic implications of international patent harmonization have attracted little empirical scrutiny. Based on patent application and renewal data in major European countries since the early 1980s, this paper examines the empirical relationship between international patenting, R&D, and “trade flows” of patent rights across national borders. The analysis reveals a substantial patent “trade i...

The Concept of Power in International Relations

The terms of Power, influence and authority could be heard in political world vastly, but using these terms is not leaving only to this realm. Despite its visual simplicity, generally there is not similar and equal perception about term of Power among people. Understanding about by politicians differs from lawyer perception about this term.  What people takes about Power, totally differ from wh...

International Law, International Relations and Compliance

Commitments are a persistent feature of international affairs. Disagreement over the effect of international commitments and the causes of compliance with them is equally persistent. Yet in the last decade the long-standing divide between those who believed that international rules per se shaped state behavior and those who saw such rules as epiphenomena1 or insignificant has given way to a mor...